İNDİKİ BİTMİŞ ZAMAN -- 2

İndiki bitmiş zaman keçmişdə baş vermiş, lakin nəticələri indiyənə kimi davam edən hadisələri ifadə etmək üçün istifadə olunur. İndiki bitmiş zaman have/has keçmiş bitmiş zaman formasında olan fel formuluna əsasən düzəldilir.

Have you ever eaten caviar? (in your life)
We've never had a car.
'Have you read Hamlet?'   'No, I haven't read any of Shakespeare's plays.'
Susan really loves that film. She's seen it eight times!
What a boring film! It's the most boring film I've ever seen.

Aşağıdakı misallarda hadisələr indiyənə kimi davam edir (recently / in the last few days / so far / since breakfast və s.):

Have you heard from George recently?
I've met a lot of people in the last few days.
Everything is going well. We haven't had any problems so far.
I'm hungry. I haven't eaten anything since breakfast. (= from breakfast until now)
It's nice to see you again. We haven't seen each other for a long time.

Əgər indiki bitmiş zamanda hadisə hələ bitməyibsə, təkrarlana bilərsə onda today / this morning / this evening və s. sözlər işlənir:

I've drunk four cups of coffee today. (perhaps I'll drink more before today is finished)
Have you had a holiday this year (yet)?
I haven't seen Tom this morning. Have you?
Ron hasn't worked very hard this term.

Nəyinsə birinci (ikinci, üçüncü və s.) dəfə baş verdiyini deyəndə indiki bitmiş zamandan istifadə olunur:

It's the first time he has driven a car. ('drives' --yox) He has never driven a car before.
Linda has lost her passport again. It's the second time this has happened, ('happens' -- yox)
This is a lovely meal. It's the first good meal I've had for ages, ('I have' -- yox)
Bill is phoning his girlfriend again. That's the third time he's phoned her this evening.